TDK felt that it needed another $5 million machine to open up a capacity bottleneck until Bob Kotcher’s computer-simulation analysis showed that additional operators could accomplish the same thing for dramatically less money. This was counterintuitive, since the operators already had significant slack capacity. Bob presented this paper at the 2001 Winter Simulation Conference—the premier international conference for system simulation: http://informs-sim.org/wsc01papers/157.PDF